The layout of wind turbines with respect to the
prevailing wind direction is a major subject of
the current research efforts aiming to minimize the wake
interactions or “wake effects” of wind turbines that can be installed
in a specific area and finally to maximize the efficiency of the
wind farm. The term “wake effects” is used to describe the generation and
development of the wake downstream of a wind turbine as well as the
wake interactions within a wind farm.
The
kernel part of a method to optimize the layout of the
turbines of a wind farm is a wake model. Wake modeling of wind turbines has attracted a
lot of attention by the research community during the past decade especially
for very large offshore wind farm installations where wake effects are responsible
for quite a significant percentage of power output losses. Although a number of
analytical and semi-empirical simple models have been developed for wake
modeling, they are not capable of providing satisfactory predictions for
different turbulence conditions. The substantial progress in computer resources
has permitted cost efficient calculations using more sophisticated methods such
as the solution of Navier-Stokes equations.
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